History of HBCUs
A lack of higher education opportunities for Black students led to the establishment of HBCU colleges in the 1830s / mid-19th century. These colleges and universities were created to provide undergraduate and graduate-level education for the Black community at a time when other educational institutions were not available to them. What began in Pennsylvania in 1837 with Cheyney University has grown to more than 100 HBCU post-secondary institutions.
For nearly two centuries, HBCUs have helped prepare students for leadership and professional success across fields. Notable HBCU alumni include civil rights leader and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Martin Luther King Jr. (Morehouse College), U.S. Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall (Lincoln University; Howard University School of Law), former U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Louis W. Sullivan (Morehouse College), former U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris (Howard University), and media host and philanthropist Oprah Winfrey (Tennessee State University).
According to UNCF’s 2025 Fact Sheet, HBCUs represent about 3% of all four-year nonprofit colleges and universities in the U.S., yet they enroll 10% of all African American students. The same fact sheet notes that HBCUs account for 15% of all African Americans with bachelor’s degrees and 19% of STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) bachelor’s degrees awarded to African American graduates.